Congress in 1943, as a law student.
He and other ANC leaders campaigned against apartheid
(white-only rule).
He was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964, but was
released in 1990 after 27 years in jail on Robin Island as
South Africa began to move away from
strict racial segregation.
He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 and was
elected South Africa's first black president in 1994.
He stepped down after five years in office in 1999.
After leaving office, he became South Africa's highest-profile
ambassador, campaigning against HIV/Aids and helping to
secure his country's right to host the 2010 football World Cup.
He was also involved in peace negotiations in the Democratic
Republic of Congo, Burundi and other countries in Africa and
elsewhere.
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